Privacy coins y gestión de historias clínicas: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract

The digitalization of medical records is key to optimizing the efficiency and quality of healthcare, although the protection of patient data remains a major challenge. In this regard, Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising alternative to improve security in the healthcare field. However, its traceable nature can compromise patient privacy, especially in the management of electronic medical records. To address this challenge, privacy coins, which employ advanced cryptographic techniques such as ring signatures and zero-knowledge proofs, could ensure anonymity and data protection. This study analyzes whether these technologies are being used to improve medical record management in blockchain-based environments, evaluating their effectiveness in protecting privacy, their interoperability, and their technical and operational feasibility. Through a systematic review, research questions and search and selection criteria for articles were established, obtaining 72 studies, of which 24 were included in the analysis. While no direct implementations of privacy coins in electronic medical records were identified, models were found that combine blockchain with decentralized technologies to strengthen the privacy of medical data. These coins allow for anonymization and granular access control, offering significant advantages for the protection of information. In addition, their integration with technologies such as IoMT, FHIR and smart contracts could reinforce security, although it is essential to balance protection and usability for their application in the health sector.